23.Schools in Britain and our country
Schools in Britain and our country
Education in the Czech Republic.
In the Czech Republic a child from one to three years of age can attend a day nursery and from three years of age, kindergarten. There children experience their first contacts with society, social rules and ethics. The tutor also teaches his wards the general principles of the alphabet and of mathematics.
After enrolling in the nine-year elementary school, six-year-olds begin their compulsory school attendance. The school year begins on September 1st and finishes on June 30th. Children learn to read, write and count, later they get acquainted with the fundamentals of history, geography, the natural sciences and fine arts. At the end of each school year pupils get reports with their academic record in different subjects. This is followed by long-awaited two months of holiday. These are not the only vacations they have. They also have Christmas, Easter and spring holidays, as well as a few free days on state holidays.
In the final year of the elementary school everybody needs to choose his future occupation. The choice depends not only on our interest but also on our performance and success at school.
We can choose from various options: to study at some secondary school (industrial, medical, economic) or an apprentice training centre, or some art school. One of the alternative secondary schools is Grammar School which prepares its students for university studies. At present time there are also private and religious schools. In contrast with the past, more emphasis is placed on foreign language studies as well as computers and economics.
Secondary school studies last for four years. At the end of the fourth year students must pass a graduation examination, usually consisting of oral and written parts. Knowledge of four subjects – five at some specialised schools – is verified here. The Czech language exam is compulsory, while other subjects are determined either by the institute itself or left to the choice of the student. From each subject a student select one question which should be answered and discussed for fifteen minutes. The graduation examination committee rules as to how we performed. If we do not manage to pass the examination on our first attempt, we are offered a second chance in September.
If we want to study at a college or university, we must successfully pass the entrance examinations and interviews. We can decide whether we will study at a school with a technical, humanistic or economic orientation, one of the medical faculties, or at a conservatory. Universities and Technical Universities have several levels. The lowest, usually lasting three years, is the bachelor’s degree. Upon successfully completing this course of study, we achieve the title of bachelor. We can also opt for study at a teacher’s college; upon the completion of we obtain the title of master. After completing studies at an economics or technical college we can obtain the title of engineer. The completion of studies is marked by a ceremony called graduation, where we get a diploma certifying the successful completion of our studies.
One of our most renowned universities is Charles University, founded in 1348 by Charles IV. This school was the first university in Central Europe. Our other universities include the T. G. Masaryk University in Brno, the F. Palacký University in Olomouc, the J. E. Purkyně in Ústí nad Labem or the University of Western Bohemia in Plzeň. The list is by far not complete – our choices are substantially more varied.
There are also specialised schools for learning how to drive any kind of vehicle – passenger car, bus, motorcycle, tractor etc. these school are known as driving school. In contrast to state institutes, each pupil must pay tuition. The amount depends on the duration of the course that enables us to learn everything we need in order to pass the final exam. This consists of theoretical knowledge of traffic regulations but also of actual driving skills. Then we get our driving license and we can set out into the streets.
It would be suitable to mention some rather specials schools that prepare children with mental or physical handicaps for normal life. Specialised teachers help to acquaint them with the demands of the contemporary world and with the way that our society will accept them.
British system of education
All
children between 5 and 16 must receive a
full-time obligatory education. Children in Great
Britain can
attend nursery
schools from the
age of 3, where
they spend all
time by playing.
From 5 to 7 children go to infant school. At the
age of 7, they move to junior school. When a child reaches age of 11,
he starts to attend secondary school.
There are several types of
secondary schools – grammar and comprehensive. Most of the pupils
go to the second one. They usually stay there till the age of 16 or
18. These schools provide a wide range of secondary education. At the
age of 16 they pass O level exam and after that they can continue in
studying. The final exam is called school leaving
examination.
Grammar schools offer mainly academic education.
A
small minority of children attend secondary modern school where is
more general and technical education.
About 93 % of pupils receive
their education at schools supported by public funds.
City
Technology Colleges are non-fee-paying independent schools, which
have mainly technological and business slant. In England and Wales
there are now 15 colleges of this type.
Specialist schools only
operate in England and they give emphasis on technology, languages,
arts and sports. There are over 250 of these schools and they charge
no fees.
Parents of pupils attending independent schools pay for
their education, but some pupils gain scholarship, and then the
expanses are covered by school. Eton is independent school, founded
in 1440 and is called public school because scholars can come there
from any part in England.
Many public schools used to stress a
classical education, but now the curriculum is closely allied to
state education.
The English universities can be divided into 3
groups:
- Oxford and
Cambridge
- Redbrick Universities, founded in 19th century
-
New Universities opened after 1960 - Kent, York
The oldest
university is Oxford, it is dated from 12th century and is organised
as a federation of colleges. They are governed by their own teaching
staff called Fellows. The head of university is Vice-Chancellor. And
each student goes to his tutor who directs him during studies. Today
Oxford is made up of 35 colleges.
.
Vocabulary
Nursery - jesle
Kindergarten – školka
Tutor – vychovatel
Ward – svěřenec
Enroll – zapsat se
Compulsory school attendance – povinná školní docházka
Elementary school – základní škola
Get acquainted (with) – seznámit se (s)
Fundamental – základ
Report – záznam
Academic record – teoretická známka
Vacation – oddech
Occupation – povolání
Performance – výkon
Success – úspěch
Secondary school – střední škola
Grammar school – gymnasium
Apprentice training centre – učiliště
Religious school – církevní škola
Pass – složit (zkoušku)
Graduation examination – maturitní zkouška
Knowledge – znalost
Verified – ověřený
Perform – vykonat
Manage – zvládnout
Attempt – pokus
Offered – nabýdnutý
College – VOŠ
Entrance examination – přijímací zkouška
Bachelor’s degree – bakaleurát
Upon – po
Achieve – dosáhnout
Opt – zvolit
Obtain – získat
Master - učitel
Graduation – promoce
Tuition – školné
Amount – částka
Duration – trvání
Skill – schopnost
Acquaint – seznámit
Demand – požadavek
Contemporary word – současný svět
Obligatory – povinný
Infant school – mateřská škola pro 5-7 let
Junior school – základní škola
Reach – dosáhnou
Comprehensive school – všeobecná střední škola
Provide – poskytovat
Range – rozsah
Offer – nabízet
General – všeobecné
Supported – podporovaný
Public found – veřejný fond
Fee-paying – vybírající poplatek
Slant – zaměření
Emphasis – důraz
Charge - účtovat
Gain – získat
Scholarship – stipendium
Scholar – školák
Stress – zdůrazňovat
Curriculum – studijní plán
Allied to – spřízněný
Governed - řízený
Teaching staff – učitelský sbor
Vice-chancellor – rector
Mullerová Lucie
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