9.Over the map of the Great Britain
9.Over the map of Great Britain
Oficial name is The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Great britain is situatedon the north – west part of Europe. Great Britain occupies at around 5 thousands islands. The biggest of them is Great Britain, which is divide into – England, Scotland and Whales. The second is Ireland, but only north – east part of Ireland is part of United Kingdom. So it`s call Northern Ireland. There is many smaller islands too, like the Hebrides, the Orkneys, the Isles of Man, …..
Great Britain is separated of continental Europe by British Channel ( La Manche ) on the south, by Irish sea on the west, by the North sea on the east and by the Atlantic ocean on the northern part. Great Britain is insular country, so it haven`t real neighbours and they have nature border lines by sea and channel. The sur face of Great Britain covers 243,305 sq km = whole major island and 13,600 sq km of small part of Ireland. So it`s about 257,000 sq km. There is a population about 58 milions people. Density is 240 people on sq km.
The capital city is London. London was founded by the Romans around 43 AD. You can finde there a Buckingham Palace, home of the Monarch since Queen Victoria. There are a lot of interesting place like The tower of London, The Tower Bridge, The Big Ben, The Trafalgar Squer, The Hyde Park. The higest mountain of Great Britain is Ben Nevis – 1,343 m and the longest river is Thames – 346 km.
England occupies middle and southern part of British Isles. England covers 130,395 sq km. In England lives the most population – 50 milion of people. There traverse the longest river of Great Britain Thames. Bigger cities are – London, Birmingham, Blackpool, Brighton, Bristol, Cambridge, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, York. England`s national plant is rose, the symbol of the house of York, Lancaster and of the Tudors.
Whales is situated on the west side of the British Isles on 20,754 sq km. There lives 2,9 milion of people. The Whales are very proud of their language and culture, because Welsh is one of the oldest language in Europe. They have two national plants: leek and daffodil. Patron of Whales is Saint David. The bigger cities are Cardiff, Merthyr.
Scotland consist of the northern part and the Hebrides, Orkney and the Shetland. Scotland covers 78,313sq km. Scotland is the most mountainous area of Great Britain. There is Caledoniam mountains and Grandpians with frequent lakes. The highest British mountain is Ben Nevis 1343 m. There is a most popular lake, which calls Loch Ness. It`s supposed, that the mysterious monster live in lake. It`s the biggest atraction. There live 5,1 milion of people. The bigger cities are Edinburgh, Glasgow. National plant is thistle.
Northern Ireland is situated on the north – eastern part of the Irish islands. It`s covers 13,843 sq km and there lives 1,7 milion of people. The bigger cities are Belfast, Londonderry. National plant is shamrock. Patron is Sant Patric and he used shamrock to teache people about Trinity.
Climate: Britain is situated on the north, but though there is temperate oceanic climate. Temperature variation around 10 – 15 degrees. There is frequent strong wind and rain. The Hebrides and northen – west Scotland are the most rainy place on the Europe – 4000 mm rainfall.
Agriculture: There grow wheat, barley, potatoes, oilseed rape, sugar beet, corn, fruit and vegetables.So much important is breed of sheep – 37,4 milion pieces, cattle, pigs and chicken. There was ban of export beef from 1996 until 2006. Because there was very frequenty ill calls BSE.In 2007, there is a foot and mouth disease. So export is still bany.
Industry: Important is biotechnology, pharmacentical industry, food, textiles industry, aircraft industry, cars industry and extractive industry. Extraindustry – In North Sea, there extractive oil and gass. Extractive coal. Britain is one of the richest country of the world.
Political system: The UK of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has been the official title of the British state ever since 1922. The UK is constitutional monarchy. This means that the official head of state is the monarch, but his or her powers are limited by the constitution. So queen has only representative part. Today, queen is Elizabeth II. Parliament is consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. British parliamentary system is one of the oldest in the world. It developed slowly during the 13th century after King John's signature of Magna Charta in 1215. British national flag is called "Union Jack". It symbols the Union of England, Scotland and Ireland and dates back from 1801. The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron saints of England (St George's red cross on a white field), Ireland (St Patrick's red diagonals on a white field) and Scotland (St Andrew's white diagonals on a blue field). Wales is not represented because when the flag first appeared it was already united with England.
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